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14 CFR Part 61, Subpart E

Private Pilot Certificate

0/79
1Aerodynamics: why the airplane flies0/7
2The airplane: engine and systems0/12
3Flight instruments0/7
4Weather0/9
5Navigation0/10
6Regulations: FAR and AIM0/7
7Airport operations and procedures0/11
8Human factors0/7
  • Hypoxia
  • Hyperventilation
  • Carbon monoxide
  • Spatial disorientation
  • Night vision and visual illusions
  • Aeronautical decision-making
  • Fitness for flight: ears, sinuses, scuba, alcohol, drugs, and water
9Flight maneuvers0/9
HomePPLHuman factors
8

Human factors

The pilot as a component of the system: physiology, illusions, and how good pilots make bad decisions.

  1. 1HypoxiaThe four types of oxygen starvation, how to recognize each one, and what 14 CFR 91.211 requires.13 min
  2. 2HyperventilationExcess carbon dioxide loss from over-breathing, its symptoms, and how to correct it.9 min
  3. 3Carbon monoxideWhere CO comes from in a light airplane, what it feels like, and the immediate actions.10 min
  4. 4Spatial disorientationThe vestibular and visual illusions that fool a pilot without an outside horizon, and how to get out.15 min
  5. 5Night vision and visual illusionsHow rods and cones split the work between them, and the scanning technique that compensates for the night blind spot.14 min
  6. 6Aeronautical decision-makingHazardous attitudes, IMSAFE, PAVE, DECIDE, and the operational pitfalls behind most accidents that are not mechanical.16 min
  7. 7Fitness for flight: ears, sinuses, scuba, alcohol, drugs, and waterThe trapped gas that hurts on descent, motion sickness, dehydration and heat, the alcohol regulation and what alcohol does at altitude, medications and the two rules that govern them, the nitrogen that flying releases after a dive, and what the handbooks do not say about cold.15 min

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